Childhood Memories Essay - 1363 Words

Lesson 8 By 1900s the meaning of American identity at home____________ excluded more people than previously Progressive reformers were primarily concerned with____________ making democratic capitalism work better American women of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries found that the settlement house movement_________________ was a good place to use their talents to help society Progressives launched the social purity movement to___________________ attack prostitution and other vices Progressives justified segregation on the grounds that it_________________ provided for a more stable society As a reform governor of California from 1911 to 1917, Hiram Johnson_________________ supported the initiative,†¦show more content†¦economy was marked by______________ a huge disparity in wealth between the rich and poor One of the biggest weaknesses of the stock market in the 1920s was_______________ over extension of credit On the international level, the Great Depression deepened when the_______________ industrial nations raised protective tariffs As the United States slipped into the Great Depression in the early 1930s, President Hoovers most generous response was to lend government funds to__________________ American banks, insurance companies, and railroads Those hardest hit by the Great Depression were_______________ the unemployed, tenant farmers, and sharecroppers In the video, The Great Depression, Professor David Kennedy observes that the tendency of Americans in the 1930s to blame themselves for the depression illustrates the_____________ dark underside of the American value of individualism The outcome of a protest by three thousand farmers who dumped thousands of gallons of milk into ditches during the Great Depression was______________ an increase in the publics awareness of farmers grievances During the Great Depression__________ socialist andShow MoreRelatedMemories Of Childhood Memories702 Words   |  3 Pagesis obvious that our childhood memories are not accidental. When you are a child every scent, every sound, every move, every toy, the first day of school, the first kiss, the first step. Everything together makes what is the personality of a man. All these are pieces of one whole entity. My childhood was filled with memories filled with emotion and meaning. But which of the memories I have is the brightest and most emotional for me? I then realized that the best childhood memory does not always haveRead MoreChildhood Memories2400 Words   |  10 PagesChildhood is the most innocent phase of mans life. With the passage of time, it fades into adolescence and adulthood. Yet the sweet memories of childhood linger on. My childhood recollections are those of a sheltered and carefree life, nurtured with love and concern. As I was the first child in the family, everybod y doted on me. My funny lisping, my innocent mischief and my inane talk-everything was a source of immense pleasure to them. There was never a word of reproach or censure against meRead MoreEssay On Childhood Memories1065 Words   |  5 Pagesis difficult, especially when the memory is from the person s childhood. If the child was under three years old then they will have child amnesia also known as infantile amnesia. Conversely at the age four years old and younger the children will not be able to hold the memories, making all of them forgotten. Jim has just learned that his memory of his parents winning the lottery was wrong, and there are many different reasons as to why his perception of the memory is wrong. For Jim, he could haveRead More My Childhood Memory Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesMy Childhood Memory It was the fourth grade. I always heard rumors and gossip about a certain teacher. This year, kids said to take any teacher except Mrs. Williams, the oral project teacher. Of course in elementary, we did not have a choice of which teacher to choose. Boy, I was shocked when I glanced at the window that had my schedule. Just by looking at that plain white piece of paper sticking on a safety-glass window, I knew it was going to be a bad year. The old, grouchy, strict, and meanRead MoreChildhood Memories And Its Effects On Our Lives1173 Words   |  5 PagesWe each have memories, both from long ago and recent times, that we hold dear to us. Memories get us through the hard days and keep us chipper in the good ones. The past is what makes us who we are. It shapes how we act, how we treat others, and simply just what we do on a day to day basis. Memories are the little things that keep this world running smoothly. Imagine what it would be like to lose those memories. What if you were to forget things to the point you were losing your functionality?Read MoreChildhood Trauma And Its Impact On Memory2617 Words   |  11 PagesMemory provides individuals with an understanding of who they are; allows one to remember or reflect on the past; consider ideas and execute skills in the present; and learn, strategize, and resolve issues based on prior knowledge and experiences. More importantly, memory is an essential cognitive ability which enables one to carry out executive functions. Skills such as planning, problem solving, reasoning, decision making, organization, and multi-tasking all rely on intact memory abilities. WithRead MoreMy Memories Of My Early Childhood Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesMy earliest memory I remember as a child is around the age of two years old. My Mother would put me in the playpen but I refused to stay. I was able to climb out of it. I remembered my Mother’s face expression that let me know that I better not climb out of the playpen a gain. This was one of my earliest memories of her setting her boundaries. When I got older, my Mother told me about the situation. She needed to clean and/or cook so she had to put me in the playpen. At the age of two years old,Read MoreMy Memories Of Childhood Through The Present Day Essay893 Words   |  4 Pages1. â€Å"Reflect upon your own life from your earliest memories of childhood through the present day. Using the material you have learned in this class and your experiences with being a virtual parent, discuss 3 aspects of your development: social/emotional, cognitive, physical or your personality/temperament.† A) Social/Emotional: As I child I wasn’t the child that cries a lot or was whining. According to my mom I was always quite, and I didn’t have much interest in to cartoons. My mother also mentionedRead MoreMy Childhood Memories Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesFor the first two planes of my development, the majority of my memories are fighting with my parents and siblings. I have never really gotten along with my family and I don’t know why. I guess it’s because my mother’s and personalities are too similar and they clash.There have been lots of crucial things in my life that have made me into the person that I am today. Not all of them have been great, or something that I want to remember, but some are great and I never want to forget them. The fact thatRead MoreChildhood Amnesia and the Beginnings of Memory for Four Early Life Events1228 Words   |  5 Pagesreport memories dating from much before about three years of age. For the purpose of this a ssessment I have chosen the ‘Childhood Amnesia and the Beginnings of Memory for Four Early Life Events’ conducted by JoNell A. Usher and Ulric Neisser, published in 1993 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Therefore, in the following paragraphs I will outline the aim of the study, the methodology and the overall findings. The current research indicates that most of the early memories are of

Atellophobia Free Essays

TRANSVERSAL PROYECT ENGLISH ATELOPHOBIA Grammar Oral Literature Marina Cecilia Garcia Contreras Rodrigo Hernandez Martinez Ilse Navarrete Salazar Diego Rodriguez Castro 4 °A Why we chose this problem? People too often become victims of Atelophobia in other words ‘fear of imperfection’. But one should always remember that mistakes are eye openers. They add to a person’s experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Atellophobia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mistakes are very normal. Till the time, you do not try to do a thing that you have never done before, you cannot do it. Any kind of fear of failure in doing that task perfectly is just a blocker. In my point of view I can say there are many things that this phobia makes you very insecure one is that you learn from mistakes , if I want to be perfect how can I make a mistake ? Hypothesis We think that atelophobia exists because all the influence of the media. Nowadays television, radio, magazines and many others, try to make people think that they should have an specific profile; they tell them they should be skinny, beautiful, tall, white and many others stereotypes that make people afraid of not being good enough and try to do many things to be perfect, but this can’t happen and many people have terrible consequences because of this. Problem Atelophobia is the fear of not being good enough. This is such a common problem that many people suffer and it’s getting bigger and bigger everytime because of the influence of the media and because people believe in all it says. It happens principally in teenagers because they are more involved in social pressure and many times they don’t accept themselves because of this. The worst part is that this can cause many others problems in them such as anorexia, bulimia, bullying and many other physic and psychologic problems. Conclusions What we learn about this problem is that it is psychological, but in a big amount it is caused by society, we are often influence by the things people says and considers it is â€Å"perfection†. In addition, they always promote the ideal stereotype, with certain characteristics like being skinny, tall, white and what they consider beautiful, it appears in many ways of media like television, magazines, radio, etc. Even if we don? t notice, it causes a lot of damage in people, being obsessed with your image can have some terrible consequences. What we, as a society, can do about it is to stop caring about what people say, you don? need to have perfect physical appearance, just accept yourself as you are, be happy and feel confidence with your image. We have to start by making people know that being judgmental really can hurts the feelings of the other persons. This problem is nowadays very common, not accepting yourself can cause many horrible deceases like anorexia, bulimia, vi gorexia or worse, suicide. We really have to stop this problem; it will take us time because we are used to be influenced by what all the people think, we should start with campaigns against stereotypes. Photos: How to cite Atellophobia, Papers

Insects Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Insects Persuasive Essay InsectsInsects are neumerout invertebrate animals that belong in the Phylum Arthropodaand Class Insecta. The class Insecta is divided into 2 subclasses: Apterygota,or wingless insects, and Pterygota, or winged insects. Subclass Pterygota isfuther divided on basis of metamorphosis. Insects that have undergone incompletemetamorphosis are the Exopterygota. Insects that undergo complete metamorphosisare the Endopterygota. Insects have an outer bilateral exoskeleton to which the muscles are attachedto and provides protection for internal organs. The body is divided into 3 mainparts which are the head, which include mouthparts, eyes, and antennae; thorax,which operate the jointed legs and /or wings; and abdomen, which has organs fordigested food, reproducing, and getting rid of waste products. The major systems in insects are the circulatory, respiratory, nervous,muscular, digestive, and reproductive systems. In the circulatory system, bloodis pumped by the heart in a tube to the aorta, the head, and to other organsthen enters the ostia openings along the sides of the tube back to the heart. The respiratory systems carries O2 to cells and takes away CO2 from cellsthrough branching out to call cells of body. The nervous system consists of abrain receiving information from eyes, antennae, and controls the whole body and2 nerve cords containing ganglia fused together to control activities of thesegment without the help of the brain. insect muscular system is made up of afew thousand samll but string muscles allowing the insect to carry objectsheavier than it. The digestive system is basically a long tube where food entersthe mouth to the crop where it is stored, gizzard where it is grinded, stomachwhere it is digested, then the undigested parts and wastes are moved to theintestine, colon then released at the anus. And in the reproductive system, anew individual is produced sexually when the female eggs produced in the ovariesunited with male sperm produced in the testes. Both man and insect live almost everywhere, eat all kinds of food, and use allkinds of materials to build homes so they constantly live in conflict. Someinsects seriously affect mans health and are parasitic on man and other animals. insects that feed on human or animal blood can carry disease in their salivaryjuices and spread the disease to other animals. Many insects irritate us withoutdisturbing our health. Some bite and sting, and some people are allergic to themand some insects are injurious to our agricultural crops, food products,clothing, and wooden buildings. So far man has only partial success in defendingagainst insects. But some insects species are beneficial to man. The honey bee,for example, supplies us with honey and the silkworm supplies us with silk. Sobugs really arent that bad.

The Effects of Social Networking free essay sample

Professional alliances, finding employment, business to business marketing and even groups sharing information the topics and interest are varied and rich as the story of the universe. When it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. Social networking websites function like an online community on the user’s interest. The friends that you can make are just one of the benefits to social networking online. Another one of those benefits includes diversity because interest gives individuals from all around the world access to social networks. This means that although you are in state, you could develop an online friendship with someone around the world. Not only will make new friends, but you just learn about cultures or new languages and learning is always take place. You learn from these services and these lead you into a better individual if you used this in a proper way. Statement of the Problem Generally, this study will determine the effect of social networking in the performance of English major in first semesters 2012-2013 Specifically; it will answer the following question. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Social Networking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of: . 1 Age 2. 2 Sex 2. 3 (GPA) 2. What is the performance of the respondents in English? 3. To what extent do the respondents use the following networking sites? a) www. facebook. com b) www. google. com c) www. yahoo. com d) www. twitter. com e) www. skype. com f) www. multiply. com g) www. youtube. com h) www. imesh. com i) www. chikka. com 4. How do the respondents assess information from the social networking sites? 5. Is there a significant relationship between extent usage of social networking and the grades of the English major? Significance of the Study This study aims to explain the importance of proper usage of social networking services. It aims to point out particularly adverse effect it possesses to people daily lives. These services evidently have a lot of positive effect, but there are also have their negative impact. This study would like to give enlightenment to the said problem. Researchers would like to provide a research about the certain problem that hopefully leads to realization of their own standing terms of social networking services addition. Researchers also would like to give a certain form of guidance to those who are involved in situation for mentioned. Lastly the researchers would like to provide research that would support the controlling proper usage of social networking sites. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study will be conducted at the Cagayan State University Sanchez Mira Campus on January to February 2013. This study will focus on the extent of social networks usage of the college student and its influence on their academic performance during the first Semester. It likewise determined the relationship on the extent of social networks and the profile of the respondents. The respondents will be the 3rd year English major students of the College of Teacher Education, of the Cagayan State University Sanchez Mira Cagayan. Chapter 2 Review of Related literature Academic Performance According to Li- Yang (2003) department of management information systems, national cheng- Chi University, Taipei Taiwan. In their research on effects of social networking on student’s performance: A web-based forum study in Taiwan, The reason behind the study of online social networking is that social networking is in its infancy and as much as this paradigm matures, more sophisticated applications an websites are expected to emerge. It is unpredicted that social networking sites are eventually become so popular for both personal and commercial online interactions. Then the most popular social network sites are presented, the reason behind the growth in their popularity and the range of uses interactions they allow are inducted. Additionally, this chapter compares the most important features of popular social networking sites in order to understand their structure and properties as necessary steps to identify the causes of popularity growth, finally the advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites. According to Hijazi (2006), the student performance of depends on different socio economics, psychological, environmental factors. The student performance is affected by different factors such as learning abilities because new paradigm about learning assumes that all students can and should learn at higher levels bit it should not be considered as constraint because there are other factors like race, gender, sex that can affect students’ performance. Noble,et. al. 2006) state in their study that for both African American and Caucasian American students, academic achievement in high school had a strong, positive, and direct effect on test score. Both the academic accomplishment and activities and positive attribution factors had moderate indirect effects on test score thought academic achievement. The effects of family income, parent’s level of education, number of negative situations in the home, and coping strategies on test score were weaker, and were manifested only indirectly through academic accomplishment and activities, academic achievements in high school, and coping strategies. Similarly, accomplishment and activities and positive attribution had moderate, positive, and direct on academic achievement. Family income, parent’s level of education, and number of negative situations in the home had smaller direct effects on academic achievement. Social networking Harvard-U. C. L. A. researchers are investigating a concept, first put forth by the pioneering German sociologist Georg Simmel, known as triadic closure. One’s friends are also friends of one another. If this seems trivial, consider that a study in 2004 in The American Journal of Public Health suggested that adolescent girls who are socially isolated and whose friends are not friends with one another experienced more suicidal thoughts. According to research presented at the  American Educational  Research Associations2009annual conference in San Diego, California, U. S. college students who use Internet social networking sites such as Facebook study less and have lower grades. Students are using social-networking sites more than many school officials may realize. Despite the fact that most schools block access to such sites via school computers, 9- to 17-year-olds spends as much time using the Internet for social activities spend watching television. Definition of Terms Academic Performance. The grades of the student during the 1st semester. Social networking. The websites that usually visited by the college and high school students. Profile. Contains basic information of the students Age. The age of the students existing. Sex . Classification of the respondent whether male or female Grade. A mark given to the students during 1st semester. Students. The respondent of this study. Extent usage . The length of time consume by the user engaging social networks. Chapter 3 Research and Methodology This chapter presents the method that will be used in the conduct of the study. It includes the research design, locale of the study, the description of respondents, research instruments, data gathering procedure and statistical tools used in analyzing data. Research Design This study will employ the descriptive correlation method with the questionnaire as the primary tool. The method will determine the performance of the third year English major. Other techniques like interview will be also use to gather additional data concerning the study. Locale of the Study This Research will be conducted at Cagayan State University, Sanchez Mira Campus. The school is located at Barangay C-2, Sanchez Mira Cagayan. Respondents and Sampling Procedure The respondents of this study will be the students of CTE third year English major for this school year 2012-2013. Out of 35 CTE 3rd year students majoring in English 22 of them are the respondents. Data Gathering Procedure Out of 22 selected students 2 or 9. 09% are 16 years of age, 2 or 9. 09% are 17amp;18 years of age, 12 or 54. 54% are 19 years of age. 3 or 13. 63% are 20 years of age, 1 or 4. 54% are 22 year of age, 1 or 4. 54% are 24 year of age, and 1 or 4. 54% are 21 year of age respectively. The mean age of the respondent is 19. 63 which imply that the respondents are at the right age for college level. Mean age= 19. 63 Out of 22 selected students, 20 or 90. 90% of them are female while the remaining 2 or 9. 10% are male as shown in figure 1. This implies that there are more female English major in the 3rd year class. Figure3 shows that majority of the respondents consumed 2 hours daily in browsing social networks they composed of 63. 63% of the total respondent. 1 hour consuming is about 22. 72%, while 3 hours composed of 9. 09% and 4 hours composed of 4. 55% total of the respondents. Researchers also gathered information from interviewing method on which many of them have their personal computer and depends their consuming hour on the wifi connection. Figure3. Extent Browsing Social Networks hour/s per Day Figure3. Extent Browsing Social Networks hour/s per Day Purposes of Browsing Social Networks of the Respondents The researchers identified 3 purposes of the respondent in browsing the different social networks. First is for gathering information related for their studies and the second one is for socialization wherein they can socialize to the other person even in a long distance with access to internet. And the third to the identified reason and purposes of the respondents in browsing the social networks is for past time and for them to update if what is the current or trends happenings in the global community. Figure4. Purposes of the Respondents in Browsing the Social Networks Table1 provides evidences that will support the figure 4. From the data given by the respondents, there are 6 different websites with services offer, either gives information, allow user to communicate, and for entertainment. The researchers identified ranked according to the number of respondents that visit it. www. google. com with 15 respondents this websites gives the information that the respondents needs in their studies. www. facebook. com 15 respondents’ this gives a large used for communication and other social activities. www. yahoo. com these sites are mainly similar with the Google source for information. ww. youtube. com with 7 respondents these websites used by the respondents in watching online movies and downloading music, movies etc. www. skype. com with 1 respondent these site allow the respondent for entertainment example of this is video calling. www. msn. com with 1 respondent allow respondent for entertainment. Table1. Websites Visited by the Respondents. website| Frequency| Rank| Purposes| www. google. com| 15| 1| For information| www. facebook. com| 15| 1| For communication/socialization| www. yahoo. com| 10| 2| For socialization| www. youtube. com| 7| 3| For socialization/communication| www. kype. com| 1| 4| For communication| www. msn. com| 1| 4| For information| Engaging Social Networks in their Studies All of the respondents answered yes with the question engaging in Social Networks contribute in their studies. They say that social networking help them to gather information, research for their assignments, projects and serves also as their basis and guide in enhancing their communication skills how to communicate properly. And for communication purposes they can talk with their family, friends and others even they are in a miles away from them. Students Assess Social Networks The Students assess Social Networks that sometimes the information that they get from these are sometimes not reliable but there are also information that is reliable and cater the needs of the respondents’. On these researchers included the advantages and disadvantages of using Social Networks in relation to the Studies of the Respondents. The respondents included addiction as one of the disadvantages of using Social Networks wherein they are being addicted with the services that the sites given to them. And for that they can relies on the information that they get they did not checked well if that information are good or erroneous. Because they are confused and dependent on what these sites provides to them. The respondents told that social networks can promote resourceful and it will derive a lot of information from their research and other more benefits. It gives them idea in a certain topic, entertain, information displayed was updated, communication is unlimited and it sharpen their minds and gain knowledge to apply in the right way to make it useful. This study also determined the relationship between the social networking usage and the grades of the English major students. The research made used of the main instrument which is the questionnaire, this instrument was utilized to determine the effect of social networking on the performance of the English major students who served as the respondents. The data that was gathered were analyzed using the statistical tools. Frequency was used to determine the effects of social networking on the performance on the English major students. Findings The study came out with the following findings; The students of College of Teacher Education Bachelor of Secondary three major in English students is female dominated, with mean age of 19. 63. Most of the students visit social networks for 2 hours daily. Some for 1 hour but there are also those students browse for 3 hours, there are also who can spend 4 hours daily. Some of the respondents have their personal computer. Student can have 3 purposes in browsing the internet their main purpose is usually to gather information for their studies followed by the reason for socialization to other person even in a long distance with access internet. Some of the respondents browsing social networks for past time and for them to update if what is the trends happenings in the global community. The researchers have identified 6 websites the respondent visit every time they browse the social networking. The www. google. com and www. facebook. com are the most visited website by the respondent. These two sites are mainly for information seeking and socialization. After that www. yahoo. com is the next most visited website which is use to socialize to other people. It has been find out that the social network have a great factor in the grades of the students. . Conclusion Based on the findings of this Study, the following conclusions were drawn; Researchers concluded that base on the result of this study truly social networking services have a great contribution in the teaching and learning process of every learner. Recommendation Based on the findings and conclusion of this study the following recommendations are offered; * The University should be continued to provide functional computer laboratories to have a wide connection to internet for the students. * The faculty members and students should go with the current trends using social networking in improving socialization skills and for communication.

Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay Example

Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay Example Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay The Best Western organisation is faced with a highly competitive market, on a basic level, greater publicity and awareness of the Best Western brand is the key driving force behind the Managing Director’s decision to go undercover. Best Western has been recently revamped in an attempt to portray itself as a warm and welcoming contemporary chain. A new advertising campaign has been rolled-out at great cost to the company but has made little impact on the problems they face. Best Western has directed its attention to the hotels that form the Best Western group. Efforts are being made to also transform the hotels themselves and align the goals of the work force with Best Western ideology. To see a significant change in the public perception of the Best Western brand attention must be paid to the customer service provided by the individual hotels as opposed to addressing the brand as a whole. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between Best Western and the staff that work on its behalf, more specifically the organisational culture and how the workforce perceives the Best Western organisation. Consideration is also given to the influencing factors behind the behaviours of the staff and the motivational influences within the role. The standard of leadership within Best Western and management of the hotels within the group is analysed and the effects of poor leadership observed. Introduction This report will analyse various scenarios that occurred within the Best Western organisation, relating to its people. The very nature of the chain causes complexities in the way the company integrates with the other businesses that form the group. The behaviour of both the employee and manager will be reviewed and some of the influencing factors discussed. Perception It is apparent from the first hotel observed in the documentary that the Best Western brand and the workforce fronting the organisation do not share common goals. Best Western’s main dilemma is an outdated public perception which is no match for their current competitors. Best Western and the hotels they enlist are somewhat disjointed which is a cause for concern with regards to continuity of service across the UK. Implementing changes from the top has very little impact on the service provided by the frontline. The workforce has little recognition of Best Western and don’t perceive their place of work as part of a larger organisation. Consequently, Best Western has limited control over the service its customers receive; the success of the chain relies heavily on the transformation of public perception. To address the issue at large they must first align the goals of employees with that of the organisation to instil consistency throughout the company. These changes can only be achieved by tackling the shared beliefs of the employees within the company, otherwise known as the ‘organisational culture’. The perception they hold directly correlates to the behaviours they display. It was apparent that the first hotel observed in the documentary perceived Best Western as something of an inconvenience; instead of taking time and effort aligning their premises with Best Western policies and cascading these down to their employees they instructed employees to utilise various methods to fool Best Western inspectors’, therefore resisting change. One particular employee, Michael, was responsible for the Maintenance within said hotel, his views mirrored those of management and he too perceived Best Western as a company who occasionally inspected the premises; his behaviour may be explained by the locus of control, Michael appears to perceive the outcome of his actions as controlled by external factors such as management whom he deems responsible for the poor workmanship being carried out. Michael displayed a lack of loyalty and commitment for the Best Western brand and consequently perceived his own role as insignificant. Perception is important because it has such an enormous impact on organisational behaviour. We cannot understand organisational behaviour unless we understand perception. † (David J. Cherrington. (1994) ‘Organisational Behaviour: The Management of Individual and Organisational Performance’ (Second Edition) pp48) The final hotel involved in the undercover task the Managing Director encounter ed an employee who appeared to enjoy her role in the business, she projected the ideal first impression for customers; warm, welcoming and helpful. The concept of Impression management maintains that first impressions are lasting and a negative first impression is resistant to change. This is also referred to as ‘the primary effect’ (‘Management Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie J. Mullins, 2007. pp451) The Managing Director seized this opportunity by choosing her to front the new advertisement campaign. The motivating factors influencing organisational behaviours have a key role to play in the perceptions of Best Western, establishing what motivates an employee can have an impact on the actions you take to change their perception. Motivation There is a stark contrast between the motivational factors driving the Managing Director of Best Western, and those managing the workforce. This becomes clear early in the documentary. The Managing Director immediately makes a conscious decision to identify and address the problems caused by poor moral and a general lack of motivation. â€Å"The underlying concept of Motivation is some driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goal in order to fulfil some need or expectation. † (Management and Organisational Behaviour, Lurie J Mullins, Seventh Edition P 471, 2005) It can be assumed that for someone in the role of Managing Director, motivating factors are unlikely to mirror those of the employees. The Managing Director is more likely to pursue intrinsic, psychological rewards such as achievement recognition for transforming the Best Western brand, and the appreciation associated therein. Extrinsic factors such as salary, benefits and promotion are insignificant. Maslow’s theory of motivational needs suggests that satisfaction of one need activates the next higher need (Abraham H. Maslow (1943) ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’ Psychological Review 50, pp 370-396) The Managing Director has achieved the highest position in the company- with basic needs achieved psychological needs such as perception of self worth and achievement are likely to be the motivating factors influencing his actions. â€Å"High achievers respond to challenges and strive to achieve goals, money in itself is not the main motivator but rather because high pay is seen as positive feedback and symbolises attainment of goalsâ€Å" (‘Management and Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie. J. Mullins, 2007 P487). McClelland’s (1973) theory can be used to portray the underlying needs attributed to this behaviour. This is where a person tries to succeed in what they do, McLelland suggests that individuals with a high need for achievement prefer to work alone and do not like to be dependent on others’ to complete the task – they prefer to take full responsibility for what they do. The Managing Director has assigned himself the task of going under cover in the organisation, it is visible from the program that he likes to take the task in hand to reach a solution, he keen pursue this task alone and had no intentions of delegating. The action taken by the Managing Director to help him achieve his need to succeed have been motivated by the expectation that his actions will meet the desired outcome a greater understanding of his organisation, a solution to the problems the company faces and eventually success in the transformation of Best Western. His choice of action was directly influenced by the expectancy of the outcome A combination of Vroom (1964) Expectancy Theory and Locke (1968) Goal-setting Theory attributed to his behaviour. ‘Introduction to Organisational Behaviour’ Steve Ellie and Penny Dick, 2000, PP45- 50) The contrast in levels of motivation was highly visible in the scenes filmed with the Managing Director and the Maintenance Man, Michael. Michael displayed a complacent and despondent attitude toward his role in the organisation. This was relayed by his lack of motivation. He appeared to find the tasks frustrating, boring and repetitive. â€Å"When a person’s motivational d riving force is blocked they are unable to satisfy their needs and expectations and what is likely to affect on their work performance (‘Management and Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie. J. Mullins, 2007 PP 476-478) Mullins suggests that when a person finds they have no motivational influence they will experience withdrawl, apathy and give up on the task. Herzberg’s theory of motivation also addresses this issue and suggests an individual requires a variety of ‘Hygiene factors’ present in any given environment in order to then embark on the various levels of motivational influence toward the task at hand. Hygiene factors merely meet your needs and make you safe and comfortable but will not contribute to personal growth and development that can only come from the nature of your work or task† (Vroom and Deci, 1989). These factors include working conditions, supervisors, relationships and salary. These basic needs were not met in any of the hotels visited. Salaries were very poor with the majority of the employees observed working for minimal wage. The Green keeper and head Housekeeper were highlighted as two individuals on a very low salary. Ironically these were two of the hardest working, long term employees observed which contradicts Herzberg’s theory; Herzberg suggests that the absence of hygiene factors will create dissatisfaction and have an impact on the productivity of the workforce. (‘Introduction to Organisational Behaviour’ Steve Ellie and Penny Dick, 2000, PP43- 44) The Green keeper and Housekeeper are perhaps influenced by more intrinsic factors and work for psychological rewards and social needs given that these particular employees are both directly affected by health issues. The working conditions provided for the Chef encountered in the first hotel were less than satisfactory. This had a large impact on his role and the working hours he was expected to undertake. Although somewhat disheartened by the lack of recognition and lack of extrinsic factors obtained from his position, the Chef also appears to be driven by psychological rewards such as fulfilment and achievement. However, the Maintenance Man is a prime example of Herzberg’s theory. His lack of motivation owing to minimal supervision and no recognition is very apparent suggesting the absence of hygiene factors has directly affected his motivation and productivity within the role. In most cases observes the main problem lay with the lack of management and leadership providing motivation and leadership to the employees. Employees weren’t familiar with any of the Best Western policies and in some cases unaware of whom their direct manager was. Leadership There is a significant problem with the leadership involved in the Best Western case. The relationships held with the individual hotels’ is impersonal with new policies and agendas implemented and left to cascade down to the employees with limited communication. The workforce was oblivious to the transformation and advertisement campaign that Best Western is currently undergoing. Again, it is apparent that Best Western management appear very disjointed from the hotels within its group. The Managing Director appears to operate with a democratic leadership style, involving team members in decision making, and being mindful of the general objectives they are addressing. He displays clear goals for the betterment of the organisation. Overall he displays a strong task-motivated style. He appears to have sound management skills within the Best Western offices but has failed to communicate his objectives to the hotels’ within the Best Western chain. Adair’s (1984) theory of effective leadership suggests leaders must maintain a balance when leading a group in order to achieve success. If a leader concentrates on the task and neglects individual members morale can plummet and the group split. A leader needs to be able to cope with group dynamics† (Rollinson 2008). The ‘group’ in this scenario is the collaboration of Best Western and the hotel’s within the chain. The leader has neglected the hotels within the group and therefore morale has plummeted. The Managing Director clearly recognises this as a problem and in doing so is prepared to work in tandem with staff members to progress against his goals. For example, with one of his priorities at the beginning of his campaign is to promote awareness of Best Western, he later brought in one of the workers he was shadowing – who had previously had very little knowledge of the group – as the new face of the business for ongoing advertising. There appears to be a synergy between making her aware of the Best Western brand and making others aware. This can also represent itself as a reward and recognition for her commitment in choosing her to represent the company. The Fiedler contingency model maintains that that leadership style remains stable across various leadership experiences( Wendy Bloisi (2003) ‘Management and Organisational Behaviour’ pp579. Berkshire: Mcgraw-Hill) However, the Managing Director clearly displayed a task motivated style initially and adapted his leadership role to a relationship-motivated style to suit the circumstances. This balance proved effective in achieving the desired outcome from the employees. Although the Managing Director was not in a position to manage the staff for most of the exercise, he showed sound leadership qualities. He was sociable with the staff and looked to take an interest in their individual circumstances/interests (this was later reflected in rewards he gave to the Green Keeper, House Keeper and Chef) However, he always appeared to work well, and represented a sound work ethic, without trying to impose it on others. This was reflected in his time observing the employee responsible for the Maintenance in the first hotel. The employee made little effort in his role and the quality of the work produced fell far short from the Best Western standard. The Managing Director tried to encourage the employee as opposed to dictate. He commented the work could have been performed better with a little more effort applied. Gratton suggests â€Å"for many people the reality of life in an organisation is that they do not feel they are treated as the most important asset, or that their knowledge is understood or used† (Laurie J Mullins( 2007) ‘Management Organisational Behaviour’ p251) Whilst working undercover with others, the Managing Director gave the impression that he felt the staff should be better valued, and in most cases he later took steps to show that he/Best Western did recognise their efforts, and that they were appreciated. In contrast to the effective leadership traits shown by Managing Director, the leadership at the first hotel appeared to be greatly lacking. There was no participation by the hotel management in the running of the hotel itself, there was no support offered to hotel staff, there was no awareness of the work that was being carried out by individuals, and there was no inspiration being offered or morale being imparted. In the case of the Maintenance man, his productivity was very low under the absence of a leader, and the Chef we observed was working very productively, but in an unreasonable environment, and with low morale. Mullins described the management process as â€Å"achieving organisational objectives within a changing environment, by balancing efficiency, effectiveness and equity, obtain the most from limited resource and working with and through other people† (Naylor, ‘Management Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie J. Mullins, 2007. p 195) Both extremes of leadership serve to highlight the importance of this balance. Staff must be managed effectively in order to be at their most productive, and they must be empowered and supported to help obtain the company objectives. Perhaps the Managing Director could have achieved better results had he cemented better relations with the management of the hotels’. â€Å"Leadership is far more effective at delivering organisational goals. If employees willingly follow a leader then their commitment is higher because they have consented to follow the leader. If a manager can act as a leader then it is thought that employee’s efforts can more easily be aligned to organisational objectives† (Rollinson 2008). Direct communication, possibly arranging regular teambuilding events involving the employees would enable employees to identify with the organisation, improving loyalty, commitment and morale in the workforce. This will undoubtedly improve customer relations and have an impact on the transformation of the Best Western organisation. Conclusion Best Western appears to be taking the necessary steps to address the problems they face in the current market. The Managing director displayed sound management skills throughout the documentary. With a clear objective in mind he communicated with employees to establish the factors influencing their behaviour and consequently the factors influencing the antiquated public perception. It is apparent that Best Western employees lack motivation and feel undervalued. Fortunately for Best Western, where they are fall short of meeting employee needs by failing to provide adequate extrinsic factors such as salary, supervision and working condition the intrinsic factors motivating the individuals counteract the problem to a certain extent. The Managing Director took measures to try and create a feeling of harmony between the hotels’ and the Best Western group. He made positive steps toward brand awareness and improving the perception of Best Western in the eyes of the employees he encountered. However, the problems surrounding leadership within the hotels’ did not appear to reach a positive outcome. The majority of employees viewed were impacted negatively by the lack of supervision and management within the hotels. The Managing Director achieved heightened awareness of the organisational culture within the Best Western company which will allow him greater control of the service his organisation provide and in the long term will enable him to update the Best Western name.

American Hero

War hero and American hero are just a few terms you can use to describe this prestigious jewel who willingly and courageously led one of the biggest redemption in the United States. We all know the story of Harriet Tubman or to African Americans The Moses of Her People. We all know of the underground railroad, but do we actually know how these paths and secret passages later help the united states. Harriet Tubman led many events and revolts that has shaped and mold the America today. Harriet Tubman was born into slavery around 1820 in Dorchester county, Maryland. (Douglas Jones) Her name was originally Araminta but after marrying her husband John Tubman she changed her first and last name becoming now known as Harriet Tubman. After fear of being sold she decided that it was going to be freedom or death, so she ran away with her brothers following the north star to freedom. After awhile her brothers became afraid and decided to turn around and Harriet reached Philadelphia alone. Here she joined the abolitionist movement. After realizing what she had done Harriet returned for more of her people helping them to freedom. On this nail biting voyage Harriet would drop off the slaves to these people who she came in contact with that were willing to help. These homes where the slaves would be left at were called safe houses. You may wonder how people were brave just like her to follow her and trust that they too would be saved and led to freedom, but it was some who did not believe it could be done and would try to turn around scared that they would be caught. If they were skeptical and asked about returning, it is said that Tubman would use her gun to scare the people and tell them its either freedom or death. Over the course of 10 years, and at great personal risk, Tubman made 19 trips to Maryland and helped 300 people escape to freedom along the Underground Railroad. (Douglas Jones) Her dedication to her people shows why she is the true American hero. It is way more to it then what she did for the U.S her character plays a major role in how she was able to achieve all of these accomplishments she was risky, gave her time (dedication), her selflessness and willingness Is what helped the united states and more importantly the black people in the world today. Her legacy is fading away in history books and history teachers lessons today. But we all known her multiple accomplishments paved the way for many in this day and age. Set aside from the underground railroad, Harriet served as a nurse for soldiers in the civil war for four years, although this is the least of her activities she took place in, it did help progress in the united states. Also, during the civil was she served as a scout, nurse and spy for the U.S. this came in handy for the U.S because she actually used her passages to get supplies to the north for the war while also helping in the war leading the north to victory. Harriet spied for the union and talked ex-slaves into doing the same, sometimes even going into confederate territory to help union soldiers gather information that could win battles. (Allen, pg.12) in 1863, became the first woman in American history to originate and lead a combat unit in an armed assault. (Douglas Jones) the north winning the war did not stop Harriet. She continued to fight for freedom and for womens suffrage. There are many stories that backs up these accusations about Moses. Slaves that traveled with her told her story and lived through her legacy. Harriet did many things to help this country, now women believe they can do such things as Harriet did. She stood up for us men and women, and now our people today are not afraid to speak out on these issues. Her service in the war started the movement for the abolishment of slavery. It is not how much she did it is what she did that allows me to walk around freely around ANY race. McDonough, Yona Zeldis., and Nancy Harrison. Who Was Harriet Tubman? New York: Grosset Dunlap, 2016. Allen, Thomas B., and Carla Bauer. Harriet Tubman, Secret Agent: How Daring Slaves and Free Blacks Spied for the Union during the Civil War. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2009.Sterling, Dorothy. Freedom Train: The Story of Harriet Tubman. New York, NY: Scholastic, 1991.Weatherford, Carole Boston, and Kadir Nelson. Moses: When Harriet Tubman Led Her People to Freedom. Los Angeles: Disney, Jump at the Sun, 2006.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 18

Marketing - Essay Example The disparity between international marketing and domestic marketing lies in the global markets complexity and multidimensionality. An international manager requires understanding of such complexities and the allegations they have regarding international marketing. When an organization moves from domestic to global market, different international strategies needs to be approached for getting an idea of the international marketplace. International companies such as Coca Cola, Gillette practices international marketing (Eid and Trueman, 2004). International marketing serves to be a good opportunity for the organizations to expand its business and make profits through overseas business. International competition comes with global cooperation. Organizations in order to establish business in foreign countries make greater efforts to understand cultures of those countries to develop strategies for success. Internationalization is affecting the interdependence of every country and makes att empts to promote global cooperation (Furrer, Liu and Sudharshan, 2000). The aim of the study is to understand the notion of international marketing and the environmental factors that favour the development of various international strategies. The strategies that indicate culture and its appreciation serves as a tool to ensure marketing success, will also be analysed in details. Evaluation of the environmental factors is crucial in developing international marketing strategies. An international manager requires a deep knowledge of the complexities of the environment and its implications in the international marketing environment. International marketing strategies takes into factors such as legal, economic, political and technological for gaining business efficiency (Eid and Trueman, 2004). Legal environment varies in both perspective and in elucidation. An organization besides being bound by its home country laws is also bound by the

American Playwright Charles Ludlam and his impact on the arts world as Research Paper

American Playwright Charles Ludlam and his impact on the arts world as a Renowned Arts Leader - Research Paper Example After this, he wandered to a freak show where he saw a group of armless black dwarves busy painting pictures with their toes. The Catholic Church, with its high pageantry and religious ritual was a prominent force in his family. Right across the street from his home, there was a movie theater. Ludlam was therefore encouraged to explore his vivid childhood imagination, producing basement and backyard plays and vignettes with other children in the neighborhood (Gary, 2005). Throughout his high school, Ludlam as known as a rebel and outcast and his first formal exposure to theatre was through an apprenticeship in 1958 at the Red Barn Theater, a summer stock company. Here, Ludlam was exposed to the often haphazard, frantic and chaotic theater experience. Ludlam then begun pursuing his interest in theatre arts by travelling to New York where he saw a variety of theatrical entertainment ranging from the commercial to the avant-garde productions to the experimental. The Living Theatre in particular was of significant motivation and influence Ludlam such that at the age of 17, he founded his own avant-garde arts company which he named the Student’s Repertory Theater. This was in Northport, New York. Later on in life, the multidimensional, prolific artist became responsible for responsible for founding and growing The Ridiculous Theatrical Company, one of the most unique theater enterprises in America. As the founder of the Ridiculous Theatrical Company, Ludlam’s work in theatre and film had made him a recognized renowned arts leader. This is mainly because his theatrical work made a break with the existing dominant trends in theatre of realistic settings and naturalistic acting. The introduction of some elements of queer performance to avant-garde theatre was very evident since the formation of Ridiculous Theatrical Company (Wilmeth and Miller, 1996). This was the major stage

Research Paper on Smoking Essay Example for Free

Research Paper on Smoking Essay Recently there has been an abundance of media coverage regarding a public’s â€Å"war of smoking.† Recently, Washington state has begun taking vital steps to prohibit smoking in public areas in order to make Washington a better place. There are many arguments about the smoking. The health issues for the smoker and those around them increase the prices and the social unaccepted of the act. Smoking is dangerous for smoker and for the one who is around the smoker. Firstly, smoking is dangerous for smoker, when smokers are smoking, will take lung cancer. The most common form of cancer diagnosed in United States is lung cancer. Lung cancer accounts for 14% out of all cancers, and 28% out of all cancer deaths. (ALA Lung cancer Fact Sheet) According to the American Lung Association, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or seven out of eight† (American Lung Association). Cigarette contains more than 400toxic and 4000 chemical compounds. Nicotine is the most addictive substance in tobacco. Smoking decreases the level of oxygen from reaching the tissues, giving rise to different health problems such as strokes, heart attacks or miscarriages. Nicotine is increases cholesterol levels in the body and carbon monoxide, which decreases the amount of oxygen within the body. When cholesterol level is increase in blood, increases the chance that a heart attack. Smoking also caused of chronic coughing, shortness of breath, premature aging, recurrent infections and reduced overall fitness (Disease s Caused by Smoking). Yang2 Another example of health issues originated from smoking is emphysema. The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in smoker’s lungs are damaged (The Lung Association). Emphysema does not develop suddenly, it comes very slowly. Years of exposure to cigarettes causes the development of emphysema. Secondly, smoking is also dangerous for non-smokers. Lung cancer is not only a trouble for the smoker, but it is also a trouble for the non-smokers. The indirect effect of smoking comes from two places; smokers breathe out from the other person smoking, and smoke from the end of a burning cigarette  (American Lung Association). The American Lung Association said, â€Å"Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals; 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer.†(The American Lung Association) When non-smokers are stay nearby smoker, they will get some harmful effects. Kinds of cough, nausea, headache, eye irritation, sore throat, dizziness even cancer. Workplaces alone could stop over 32,000 cancer deaths and over 75,000 heart disease deaths. According to the government, 83% of worker health complaints related to trouble with indoor air quality will decrease when workplaces become smoke-free. Constant exposure to tobacco smoke in the workplace nearly doubles the risk of having a hea rt attack. Thirdly, prices of cigarettes have been going through a dramatic increase recently. The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get people to quit smoking (Higher Cigarette taxes). According to several studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults (Tobacco Free Kids). These studies show that every 10% increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by about 7% (Tobacco free Kids). If cigarette prices were increased 10% per pack throughout the country, it would decrease the number of teenagers who become regular smokers by more than a million, saving teenager from dependence, disease and death. Studies also show that people with low income are ones that respond to the increase of prices and end up quit smoking. It is proven that smoking levels are highest among people with low incomes. Lastly, former day, people could hardly find any places without someone smoking there. Now it is prohibited to smoke in public places in many countries. While the number of smokers is increasing, the number of places they can smoke is declining. Many provinces across Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free (U.s. Environmental). A poll conducted by Washington state today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurants  that were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free (Research about cigarette). Everyone is at risk for diseases caused from smoking when they are in public places that are not smoke-free. Even with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses still look down on banning this behavior (U.s. Environmental). There is no real evidence that proves going smoke-free is bad for the business. In fact, there are many positive outcomes when a business adopts s moke-free policy. For example, maintenance cost decreases when smoke, matches, and cigarette butts are eliminated in places. Also, hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture last longer, and of course, people’s health is freed from danger (Higher Cigarette taxes). In result, many people have different opinions about smoking. There are many characteristic proving smoke-free places are beneficial for many reasons. The government is also trying different methods to induce people to stop smoking. The great increase in cigarette prices is the main one. They figure that this will stop people not to even start smoking. Many businesses today are changing what was used to be normal in a public area: smoking. Smoke free businesses are becoming more and more common. There is no real evidence that shows that adopting smoke-free policy is harmful to businesses. It helps out the business in many areas such as maintenance. People have different opinions, but researchers prove that smoke-free public areas are good for other peoples health, not just smokers health. Eventually one day the society will be 100% smoke free. BIBLOIGRAPHY American Lung Association, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or seven out of eight† (http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/health-effects/smoking.html) The American Lung Association said, â€Å"Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals; 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer ( http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/facts-figures/general-smoking-facts.html) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) indirect smoking is known as the cause of cancer (http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/healtheffects.html) The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in his lungs are damaged (http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/emphysema/) The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get people to quit smoking, The increase of price will make them think two times about smoking. Quitting will save them money and reduce their financial needs (http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/health-of-the-public/20090303smoke-tax.html) According to several studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults, These studies show that every 10 percent increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by about 7% (http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/what_we_do/federal_issues/federal_tobacco_taxes/) Yang6 The increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539350/) Many provinces across Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free(http://www.city-data.com/forum/politics-other-controversies/99626-positive-effects-non-smoking.html) A poll conducted by Washington states today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurants that were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9791529) Even with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses still look down on banning this behavior (http://www.davehitt.com/facts/banlinksarchive2.html) Hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture last longer, and of course, people’s health is freed from danger (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/10/tech/main6194761.shtml)

Groups and Teams Essay -- Team Work Group Cycle Essays Papers

Groups and Teams The forming, storming, norming, performing model of team development was first introduced by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. He argued that these phases are all necessary and inevitable for the team growth, overcoming challenges and tackling problems, finding solutions, planning work and delivering results. Tuckman later added a fifth phase, adjourning, which is referred to by some as the mourning stage, which involves completing the task and breaking up the team. (Wikipedia, 2005) All teams, whether social, academic, or professional go through these five phases during team development (more permanent teams may not immediately face the adjourning phase) either consciously or subconsciously and the cycles are repeated throughout the life of the team. In the first phase, forming, quite simply, is forming a new team. A group of individuals are to form a team. The text, Organizational Behavior, 9th Edition, states that a primary concern is the initial entry of members to a team. This stage may be uncomfortable to some. For instance, at the University of Phoenix (UoP) learning teams are formed in the beginning of each class. Most learning teams are formed when students first begin taking classes at UoP and are, for the most part, maintained throughout the students' time at the school. During that first class period it may be uncomfortable for a group of strangers to begin talking and forming a team. The text says that during this stage individuals ask a number of questions such as, ?What can the group do for me ?What will I be asked to contribute ?Can my needs be met (p. 268,  ¶ 2) Individuals are getting to know each other and trying to determine where they fit best. Once the team is formed, the next step the team will encounter i s storming. The storming stage begins when the team is presented with tasks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ?The storming stage of group development is a period of high emotionality and tension among the group members.? (p. 269,  ¶ 1) The team enters the storming stage as different ideas are presented for consideration. Topics that send UoP learning teams into the storming phase are, when and where to meet, which topic to do a presentation or paper on, or deadlines for assignments. During this phase team members become more familiar with the personality types of each other. The storming stage can also be very uncomfortable as feelings a... ...al go through these phases whether they define them in this sense or not. All teams form together, norm together, perform as one, and either adjourn once the task is completed or begin performing another task. While more permanent teams revert back to the performing stage most often, ?even the highest performing teams will revert to earlier stages in certain circumstances? (Wikipedia, 2005). Adding a new member will send developed teams into the forming stage, all teams will face conflict and that may send the team into the storming phase, resolving that conflict shifts the team into norming and eventually the team will begin to perform again as a powerful harmonious unit. References Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (2005). Organizational Behavior. 9th edition, Chapter: 9. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Smith, M. K. (2005) 'Bruce W. Tuckman - forming, storming, norming and performing in groups, the encyclopaedia of informal education. Retrieved July 12, 2005 from www.infed.org/thinkers/tuckman.htm. Wikipedia.org. Forming-Storming-Norming-Perfoming. (2005) Retrieved July 12, 2005 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forming-storming-norming-performing

Battle Ground Descriptive

Battle Ground Descriptive BY YE Luis Alberta urea was born in Tijuana to a Mexican father and American mother. He grew up In San Diego and attended the university of California. After graduation and a brief career a movie extra, Urea worked with a volunteer organization that provides food, clothing, and medical supplies to the poor of Northern Mexico. In 1982 he taught writing at Harvard. His most recent novel, Into the Beautiful North, was published In 2010. Border Story In this description of the Mexican-American border from across the wire: Life andHard Times on The Mexican Border (1 993), Urea uses the device of a second person to place his reader in the scene. By making you† the â€Å"illegal†, he seeks to dramatist and humanism the plight of the poor seeking a new life in the united States. 1. At night, the Border Patrol helicopters swoop and churn In the alarm all along the line. You can sit In the Mexican hills and watch them herd humans on the dusty slopes acros s the valley. They look like science fiction crafts, focused lights raking the ground as they fly. 2.Borderlands locals are so Jaded by the sight of nightly people-hunting that It doesn't even register In their minds. But take a stranger to the border, and she will see the spectacle: monstrous Dodge trucks speeding into and out of the landscape; uniformed men patrolling with flashlights, guns and dogs; spotlights; running figures; lines of people hurried onto buses by armed guards; and the endless clatter of the helicopters with their harsh white beams. A Dutch woman once told me It seemed altogether â€Å"UN-American†. 3.But the Mexicans keep on coming- and the Guatemalan, the Salvadoran, the Panamanian, the Columbians. The seven- mile stretch of Interstate 5 nearest the Mexican border is, at times. So congested with Latin American pedestrians that it resembles a town square. 4. They stick to the center Island. Running down the length of the Island Is a cement wall. If the à ¢â‚¬Å"illegal's† ( currently â€Å"undocumented workers†: formerly' â€Å"wetback's†) are walking north and a Border Patrol vehicle happens along, they simply hop over the wall and trot south.The officer will have to drive up to the 805 interchange, or Dairy Mart Road, swing over the overpasses, then drive south. Depending on where this pursuit egging, his detour could entail five to ten miles of driving. When the officer finally reaches the group, they hop over the wall and trot north. Furthermore, because freeways arrests would endanger traffic, the Border Patrol has effectively thrown up It's hands In surrender. 5. It seems Jolly on the page. But Imagine poverty, violence, natural disasters, or political fear driving you away from everything you know.Imagine how bad things get to make you leave behind your family, your friends, your lovers; your home, as humble as it might be; your church, say. Let's take it further- eve said good-bye to the graveyard, the dog , the goat, the mountains where you first hunted, your grade school, your state, your favorite spot on the river where you fished and took time to think. 6. Then you come hundreds- or thousands- of miles across territory utterly unknown to you. ( Chances are, you have never traveled I OFF of trucks, spent part of you precious money on bus fare.There is no AAA or Travelers Aids Society available to you. Various features of your Journey north might include police corruption; violence in the forms of beatings, rape, murder, torture, road accidents; theft; incarceration. Additionally, you might experience loneliness, fear, exhaustion, sorrow, cold, heat, diarrhea, thirst, hunger. There is no medical attention available to you. There isn't even Ext. 7. Weeks or months later, you arrive in Tijuana. Along with other immigrants, you gravitate to the bad parts of town because there is nowhere for you to go in the glittery section where the gringo's flock.You stay in a rundown little hotel in the red-light district, or behind the bus terminal. Or you can find your way to the garbage dumps, where you throw together a small roadbed nest and claim a few feet of dirt for yourself. The garbage-pickers working this dump might allow you to squat, or they might come and rob you, or burn you out for breaking some local rule you cannot know beforehand. Sometimes the dump is controlled by a syndicate, and goon squads might come to you within a day. They want money, and if you can't pay, you must leave or suffer the consequences. 8.In town, you face endless factorization if you aren't streetwise. The police come after you, street thugs come after you, petty criminals come after you; strangers try your or at night as you sleep. Many shady men offer to guide you across the border, and each one wants all of your money now, and promises to meet you at a prearranged spot. Some of your fellow travelers end their Journey right here- relieved of their savings and left to wait on a dark cor ner until they realize they are going nowhere. 9. If you are not Mexican, and can't past as tastiness, a local, the tough guys find you out.Salvadoran and Guatemalan are routinely beaten up and robbed. Sometimes they are disfigured. Indians- Chicanes, Masticates, Guavas, Capote's, Mays- are insulted and pushed around; often they are lucky- they are merely ignored. They use this to their advantage. Often they don't dream of crossing into the United States: a Mexican tribal person would never be able to blend in, and they know it. To them, the garbage dumps and street vending and begging in Tijuana are a vast opportunity over their former lives. As Dona Paula, a Chicane friend of mines who lives at the Tijuana garbage dump, told me, â€Å"This is the garbage dump.Take all you need. There's plenty here for everyone! † 10. If you are a woman, the men come after you. You lock yourself in your room, and when you must leave it to use the pestilential public bathroom at the end of yo ur floor, you hurry, and you check every corner. Sometimes the lights are out in the toilet room. Sometimes men listen at the door. They call you â€Å"good- looking† and â€Å"pitch† and â€Å"impact,† and they make kissing sounds at you when you pass. 1 1 . You're in the worst part of town, but you can comfort yourself- at least there are no death squads here.There are no tortures here, or bandit land Aaron riding into your house. This is the last barrier, you think, between you and the United States- Los Humanities Estates. 12. You still face police corruption, violence, Jail. You now also have a variety of new option available to you; drugs, prostitution, white slavery, crime. Tijuana is not easy on newcomers. It is a city that has always thrived on taking advantage of a sucker. And the innocent are the ultimate suckers in the Borderlands. This passage and this question Urea had called the border a â€Å"battlefield. † How does his description illustr ate this view?

Open Work Space Research Essay

The Study Recently in the work space, there seems to be a shift from this traditional cubicle style to a more open environment for the employees. This shift has me questioning why are innovative companies shifting towards this more open environment? It seems that these companies are looking not only for a change in scenery, but a change in the how there employees utilize the environment.During this study, I will use a variety of sources in order to understand a comma NYSE work space environment and other information pertaining the architectural design of a company. The questions especially want to explore are: How does the open workspace effect the collaboration between employees? How does this work space attempt to foster an environment for creativity and innovation? Informational Sources The sources have used ranged from a variety of places.The information I collected from Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group was a large group interview which was required for a summer class where we studied cultures of creativity in Detroit, Michigan. These two interviews took place on August 24, 2013. The large group interview also included a tour of both companies to actually see the working environment firsthand. Field notes were also taken to help record detailed descriptions of the environment at both companies. Another source used for this research included an online magazine called 991. . This magazine publishes research in a condensed and easy to understand format for the general public. It described research on how to build a collaborative work space. I read this to help better my understanding of what a collaborative work space might look like and what re some key components for a creative work space. Also watched a video created by Wall Street Journal on Google's New York work space because, have never been there. This video allowed me to visually see the environment where Google employees work.Another source utilized was a prCICS completed from an article called Building Research and Information. It included research done in this area which helped me orient myself with prior research already completed on this topic. Previous Research Completed on Work Space Environment One research prCICS I looked at included the importance of collaboration in the work space. They looked at three behaviors that contribute to effective collaboration: â€Å"awareness, brief interaction, and collaboration (working together)† (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 2).This term awareness means to understand what is going on in the environment around you. You are able to process this through â€Å"spatial features that promote awareness† and organizational factors that allow you to see other employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, pars. 4-5). They noted Some benefits to this ‘high awareness' Were rapid information sharing and ability to recognize when other employees were struggling Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 6). However there are some concerns for ‘high awareness' in a collaborative environment also.It can be distracting, noisy from employees talking, and create a loss of privacy for the workers (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 7). Another term discussed was ‘brief interactions' which means unplanned and short discussions you have with other employees. This results in â€Å"spatial features that promote interaction† and organizational factors that allow you to run into other employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, pars. 9-10). Some benefits include improved information flow, increased learning, and increased development Of friendships (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 1). There are, however, some drawbacks which include a high potential for stress, an increase in distractions, and the potential for over communicating with employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 12). The ot her term discussed in the prCICS was collaboration. Collaboration in the work space can result in organizational factors that allow employees to work in project rooms (Hangmen, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, ears. 18-19). Some benefits from these project rooms are quicker answers, access to other team members, and better project tracking (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 0). Despite these benefits, there are some concerns including the possibility for information overload, a shorter amount of time on certain tasks, and less privacy for employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 21). Evaluating Google and Two Outside Innovative Companies Google is the company which typifies an open work space concept. However, I needed to use Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group in Detroit, Michigan because they were local and accessible. Both of these companies were much smaller than Google.However, there are innovative and utilize the open work space con cept. Google is known for their web search engine and try to make information easily accessible to the users. The Google New York campus occupies an entire floor and parts of other floors in a building covering an entire â€Å"city block in Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood† (Alter, par. 7). This campus has grown from around 2,000 employees to nearly 3,000 and hiring in the areas of media and advertising (Jordan). Due to the arrival of additional employees, the newly hired have had to move from floor to floor (Jordan).In this campus as opposed to Silicon Valley, it is less tech focused and gives the employees a more natural working environment (Jordan). Google's competitive and innovative nature attracts many young employees to their company. Despite Google's great benefits, there is still a high turnover rate, which means they have a limited amount of time with their employees. Kidders Studio is an innovative company which is a part Of the creative community in Detroit, Michig an. Since 1 959, Kidders Studio has earned a beatable name for solving problems with designs.They started off solving problems by designing logos for the automotive companies in Detroit. In 201 1, Kidders moved to their new location on Broadway Street near the Detroit Tigers Stadium. Their diverse team of 25 office employees design logos and websites for advertisements, but their goal is to create the extraordinary (Patrick). They started with 16 employees and are looking to expand to 35 employees. Some of their biggest clients are Dave and Buster's, Detroit Tigers, and Andiron Restaurant. At Kramer Design Group in Detroit, they specialize in designing the interiors of buildings.There are about 18 to 28 people that work at the office, because there are only 28 desks available. When they work with their clients, they focus on creating a particular environment in order to invoke a certain feeling (Kramer). They strive for listening to the client. However, sometimes the client does not know what they want until you show it to them. This company provides swatches of materials to help visualize the production or prototype built. They are known for creating traditional architecture, hotels, and presidential lofts. They have completed such projects in Detroit like theMadison Building, Broodier Towers, and Whitney Building (Kramer). Kramer Design Group is starting to pick up some business throughout the state. Kramer Design Group and Kidders Studio Work Space Company ices are redesigning offices in order to get a more spacious working environment for their employees. This open work space is intended to foster creativity and innovation. Designing a place to enhance creativity takes a lot of work not only on the companies half, but on the architects half as well. It is important the architect works in collaboration with their client to create a specific environment.In this case, the architect needs to create an environment that is not only functional to the employees, b ut pleasing to the customer. Open office spaces seem to fuel this creativity through the collaboration of diverse groups of people, the flexibility of the work space, and the atmosphere of the room with numerous examples from Detroit, Machine's Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group. A key component to this creativity and innovation is allowing the mixture of diverse groups of people to work together in an open area.To define diverse, this word is meant to describe how individuals with various job titles and functions can ark cohesively together. Providing people an open environment encourages informal connections to be made and ideas to be bounced off one another (Patrick). For example, at Kidders Studio, their work place fosters an environment where colleagues can collaborate with each other (Patrick). The studio is set up with no doors on any of the offices, even the Coo's office. Over the years, the company has developed this process to be successful.During their meetings, they encourage administrative workers, designers, marketers, and writers to brainstorm ideas for projects (Patrick). These brainstorming sessions involve everyone in the company to work on a project where titles mean nothing (Patrick). Sometimes, disagreement can be a bad thing. But it has become a useful tool because, it encourages ideas to be explored and defended by the creator (Patrick). The end result is a better thought out solution which provides the customer with an outstanding product.Creating flexibility in the work space seems to be another crucial element which allows this creativity and innovation to flourish. Kramer Design Group utilizes the portability and disability of the room to create an environment where creativity is maximized. The portable chairs in the lunch space allow the user to rearrange the space. The emphasis on designing a flexible work space allows people to freely converse amongst one another (Kramer). It also gives the workers an environment which allows easy access to coworkers (Kramer).Some of the offices have glass walls to give the illusion of a more open space (Kramer). One thing that stands out is there are few private offices. Private offices close workers off from the company and do not allow for ideas to be exchanged while the open spaces help stimulate creativity. In an open space, the atmosphere plays an important role in the minimization of creativity and innovation. Kramer Design Group's office is designed with a level of sophistication and professionalism to illustrate their knowledge in the design field (Kramer).The minute you step into the office, it is meant to create a feeling bigger than meets the eye. There is wall to wall glass to give an expansive feeling to the area and it makes the ceiling appear taller (Kramer). In the hallway, there are columns spaced equal distances apart and a white strip on the carpet to give the illusion of a never ending hall (Kramer). Even the lighting plays into the comfortable ambia nce of the room with their modern looking lights which use some incandescent lighting. Their office provides a creative, yet comfortable environment.It allows their employees to think freely in the office with the respect of their fellow colleagues. Google's Innovative Design Google's New York campus has a similar goal in their office design like Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group. â€Å"All of the design is meant to encourage interaction between structurally separate teams† (Jordan). By implementing this open work space, it influences the way groups of Google's collaborate. Google's intention by using an open work space is to create an environment specifically for the interaction between the workers.A fun design plan Google's architects implemented is the vertical ladder chutes between floors, because the elevators are never known to be on time. This vertical ladder chute promotes unplanned collaborations (Alter, par. 7). Another touch Google added was giving the employe es a bag to place their laptop in while climbing up the ladder (Jordan). This bag helped Google's minimize the chance of dropping their laptops. When workers causally intermingle, it encourages informal connections to be made among colleagues. Senior software engineer, Mike Labels moved from Google's Silicon Valley to Google's New York campus.At Google's Silicon Valley, their offices are created as an individual place with their own unique perks and specific design, which help the worker relate to their environment Road). Since Labels has transferred to Google's New York office, he feels that coming to work here you will not mistake you are in some room at an ordinary building; you will know you are at Google in New York (Jordan). It seems Google's New York office has created their own city within their building. Even some of their conference rooms are designed as a New York apartment to create a close environment for colleagues to collaborate within.Directly outside these conferenc e rooms, it is setup like city with a fire hydrant, subway grates on the floor, and a narrow hallway with a cityscape on the wall (Jordan). This use of schematics throughout areas of their building makes it seem like the real New York City outside of the building. Collaboration is a good thing, but too much can also be a bad thing sometimes. There are many places to get away from the hustle and bustle of the office area. These areas include a reflecting room, a library, a private hone booth, and more. The library is dotted with Victorian photos from Star Wars hanging on the walls (Jordan).There are also secret door bookcases leading to refection or reading rooms (Jordan). Throughout the library are many books to help employees on coding, programming and working with different types of computers (Jordan). One of the coolest features is the virtual wall of books where employees can download books to their phones (Jordan). Theses rooms are meant to give the workers a place to escape to when they get stressed at work. Google jobs can cause high stress because Of all the work demands. They can stop by the library and pick out a book or even download one from the virtual wall.By creating this comfortable environment, it gives the employees a place to relieve their stress. Regional facilities manager, Laura Gimped mentioned with groups growing in Google how proprieties and juxtaposition effect the workers interactions (loran). Laura understands generally information and ideas are shared with co-workers who are nearby. This is part of the reason that Google has positioned their offices no more than 150 feet away from food to enhance informal interactions between its employees. So at any office location there s a micro-kitchen, a restaurant, or cafeteria nearby.This place encourages fellow Google's to go grab a bite to eat whenever and where ever they may be in the building (Jordan). Their set up enables employees to â€Å"bump into coworkers from different teams with in the† work space (Alter, par. 8). She has taken into account the growth of the company with an eye towards this idea of casual collision in the work space (Jordan). This allows fellow Google's to have the opportunity to discuss an idea with someone they normally do not work with (Jordan). Some of the greatest ideas are inspired from unexpected inventions between people.Findings Coming from an architectural background has enabled me to see rooms differently from other people. However, after this research, I was able to look at a room and see the choices and decisions the architect had to make in designing the room. For example, their placement of furniture, walls, doors and windows in a room plays a critical role in how the work space is used. The way an architect designs a room actually plays an important role for what the customer ultimately wants. Each of the companies I research ultimately had a similar goal through using the open work space concept.Kidder's goals was to create the extraordinary through logos and design. Their office design fostered their employees to be creative. Kramer Design Group specialized in interior designing. Their open work space also did the same by providing their employees with a creative environment. Both of these places were designed, so the employees interacted regularly in order to get their ideas. Through my research even though did not actually visit, Google, the above examples helped me visualize what I could not see at Google. I have come to greater appreciate the open work space concept and its purpose atGoogle is to maximize its employees creativity. Through my research on open work spaces at Google, I have come to understand the choices the architects had to make while designing Google's New York office. They choose to design the environment with many unique features to enhance the collaboration between employees. I have now come to see that through creating an open work space it results in good ideas from em ployees. Essentially, these good ideas are able to be obtained through creating these unexpected conversations and casual collisions. This new understanding can help companies understand ways to obtain ideas from their employees.Through creating this type of environment similar to Google, companies will be able to design an environment to maximize the productivity of workers. Conclusion Google is known as the gold standard for innovation and creativity. Their architects have used the open work space to help them achieve this goal. Through the design of the open work space, Google's from different teams or backgrounds bump into each other casually throughout the day. The intent is for these Google's to discuss an idea with someone they may not work with daily. This chance interaction may be the catalyst for a new and creative idea.This new open work space approach is intended to inspire its employees and support creativity where new ideas can be developed and new discoveries made. Fu rther Questions If another research paper was completed, it may be interesting to see how other innovative companies like Apple, Paxar, and Twitter are set up in regards to their work space design. It would be interesting to see how these companies layout their work space, because there could be similar correlations to how their employee's collaborate like Google. In order to answer this question, you would need to look at the interactions between the errors of the company.Since work spaces are always being remodeled by companies, it would be interesting to track innovative companies over the next five year to see how their work space changed over time. It would be ideal to interview employees throughout the change of the work space to see how it has effected them. It may be interesting to also speak to the management to determine whether there were more ideas generated in the newer work space than in the current type work space. This could help understand the reason behind why comp anies design a creative environment for their workers.

The Top Degrees and Majors for High Lifetime Salaries

The Top Degrees and Majors for High Lifetime Salaries If you have the resources and opportunity, a degree can be a fantastic asset for your career. And for some fields, it’s a necessary first step. But not all degrees are created equal! In some fields, an associate degree or a bachelor’s degree is all you need to get in the door. In others, you can expect to grab those degrees, then go on to get a master’s or even a PhD to advance in your career and earn top dollars in the field. Every industry has its own educational needs, but if you’re undecided about where you want to go- or you’re looking to change course and go back to school, PayScale has compiled some very useful data about different degrees, different majors, and earning potential. First, let’s look at the â€Å"best in show† majors.Top-Paying Majors for Each Degree TypeAssociate’s: Political ScienceApparently being a Washington â€Å"fat cat† is really a thing! Seriously, though, people who have this degree can wor k in government, public policy, or community administrative roles. The top-paying job for a person with an associate’s degree in Political Science is $86,100, based on PayScale data.Bachelor’s: Petroleum EngineeringEnergy development and engineering are very hot topics right now, so petroleum engineers are in high demand. These engineers develop methods for extracting oil and gas deposits from under the Earth’s surface. The top-paying petroleum engineer jobs can command up to $185,000, per PayScale data.Master’s: International BusinessWe live in a global marketplace, and MBAs who can make deals and work with colleagues in Hong Kong, Berlin, and Sydney are among the highest paid business people. Some of the top-paying jobs in international business for MBAs can fetch up to $158,000, per PayScale data.PhD: StatisticsIn addition to a global marketplace, we also live in a highly data-driven world. Statisticians with doctorate degrees collect and analyze data to help solve real world issues in every industry. The highest-paid statistician gigs for PhDs make $172,000, per PayScale data.If none of these careers sound right for you, you have plenty of options if you’re looking for well-paid options at different degree levels. Let’s look at some of the top-earning jobs in major fields like healthcare, education, public administration/social services, and transportation.Top Healthcare Careers for Different DegreesIf you’re interested in working in the booming healthcare industry, here are some of the jobs with the highest lifetime earnings (median salary for those with a degree and 20+ years of experience) by degree type.Associate’s: Diagnostic Medical SonographerDiagnostic medical sonographers use specialized equipment to create images from inside the body, to help doctors diagnose and treat medical issues. Sonographers typically have an associate’s degree and have completed a certification program as well. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $71,300, per PayScale.Bachelor’s: Physician AssistantPhysician assistants are the right-hand men and women in any medical practice or healthcare facility. They work with physicians, surgeons, and other healthcare staff to examine, diagnose, and treat patients. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $157,000, per PayScale.Master’s: Healthcare AdministrationHealthcare administrators are the ones who keep things running behind the scenes, managing day-to-day office operations for medical practices and offices, as well as planning and coordinating health services for a hospital, facility, clinic, or department. These administrators are also responsible for ensuring that the facility is up to date with health laws, regulations, and technology. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $109,000, per PayScale.PhD: PharmacistPharmacists fill prescriptions, d ispense medication of all kinds, educate patients on the safe use of medications, and act as a medical reference for customers. They may also perform health screenings, educate customers on general wellness, and give immunizations. You can find them in retail pharmacies, but also in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities as well. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $172,000, per PayScale.Top Education Careers for Different DegreesThe old saying is that teachers are underpaid for what they do- and while that may very well be true, if teaching is your calling you can still strategize about how to maximize your salary. Here are some of the educators with the highest lifetime earnings (median salary for those with a degree and 20+ years of experience) by degree type.Associate’s: Preschool TeacherPreschool teachers are often the first teachers kids encounter in their lives- so those early days of pre-reading skills, writing, basic math, and science are essential. They work with young kids (usually age 4-5) to get them ready for kindergarten. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $44,200, per PayScale.Bachelor’s: Physical Education TeacherPhysEd teachers do the important work of keeping kids active during the school day, and teaching them good fitness and athletic fundamentals along the way. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $70,100, per PayScale.Master’s: Instructional Design and TechnologyWith curriculum changing all the time, and an emphasis on updating the way students use technology in their school lives, instructional designers are fast becoming a major player in the education world. These professionals oversee curriculum standards (and how they are implemented in school systems), develop educational materials, and assess the effectiveness of teaching methods. Instructional designers work in all levels of education, from elementary sch ool to college. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $83,900, per PayScale.PhD: SuperintendentSuperintendents are high-level educational professionals responsible for the operation of schools (or school systems). In many cases, superintendents have a master’s degree and years of education/administration experience, but many superintendents hold PhDs in education. The median salary for PhDs in this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $96,600, per PayScale.Top  Public Administration/Social Services Careers for Different DegreesWorking in the public sector can be a calling as well. If you’re interested in one of these community-, town/city-, or state-level jobs, here are the career paths you might want to consider for maximum earning potential.Associate’s: Fire ScienceWhen you think of â€Å"public† jobs, it’s likely that â€Å"firefighter† is one of the first that pops into your mind. As the first responders in many different kinds of emergencies, these essential professionals sacrifice their time (and often their well-being) to keep the community safe. An associate’s degree in fire science can prepare you for jobs as a firefighter, but also administrative jobs like fire inspector, fire chief, or fire marshal. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $59,100, per PayScale.Bachelor’s: Public AdministratorA bachelor’s degree in Public Administration prepares you for managing the day-to-day operations of local, state, or federal government agencies. This includes areas like strategic planning, public relations, and disaster planning, as well as general administration. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $76,100, per PayScale.Master’s: Public Policy AnalystPolicy analysts are problem solvers. They take data, history, and trends into account to help plan and shape government and political systems. This is a job heavy on research, analysis, and strategic planning. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $101,100, per PayScale.Top Transportation  Careers for Different DegreesYou may not think of transportation as a particularly glamorous or lucrative industry, but if you have a passion for logistics and tight schedules, then it can be a great option for you. In transportation, the emphasis is usually on on-the-job training rather than a specific degree, but a bachelor’s degree and administrative know-how can be one of the most well-paid paths into the industry.Bachelor’s: Aviation ManagerAviation managers are logistics professionals who coordinate airport operations, including compliance with a complex system of local, state, and federal rules and regulations. Moving people and cargo from one place to another via air travel is an intricate, delicate, and fast-moving process, and aviation managers are the ones responsible for making sure it happ ens safely, smoothly, and on time. The median salary for this field (with 20+ years of experience) is $97,200, per PayScale.Even though â€Å"20 years of experience† may seem like an unbearably far milestone (especially if you’re just starting out), it’s a really important factor to consider when you’re picking a major, or deciding how far you want to go with your degree. While you’re not locked in to any particular path, your decision should definitely be informed by what the long-term salary potential is in any given role, and how that lines up with your long-term goals. And if you know that sticking with your underpaid, less-than-glamorous job now can yield better benefits with the more time and experience you accumulate, that can make your work life easier in the meantime.